Fattening Up Your Buds For Your Best Harvest Yet
Contents:
- 1. Light intensity
- 1. a. Light spectrum
- 2. Temperature, humidity and airflow
- 2. a. Optimal airflow ensures the best bud density
- 3. Nutrients
- 3. a. Macronutrients
- 3. b. Micronutrients
- 3. c. Ph level
- 3. d. Synthetic nutrients
- 3. e. Organic nutrients
- 3. f. Density boosting additives and supplements
- 4. Plant training
- 4. a. Low-stress training
- 4. b. High-stress training
- 5. Harvesting at the right time
- 5. a. Stigmas
- 5. b. Yellowing leaves
- 5. c. State of the trichomes
- 6. The right genetics
- 6. a. Indica-dominant vs sativa-dominant
- 6. b. Bud limits
- 7. How to grow big buds?
- 8. In conclusion
There are many variables that can determine how fat and trichome-rich your nugs will be, so in this article, we explain how to grow bigger buds during flower, what to consider, and how to avoid smaller low-producing popcorn buds.
The quality of your flowers depends on nutrients, light, and growing conditions so make sure you have everything on point to get denser and chunkier buds.
1. Light intensity
Light is the most important factor when trying to get denser cannabis flowers because lights help cannabis plants produce sugars through the photosynthesis process which helps them grow, just have in mind that not any light will do, weed needs an optimal light intensity to produce big fat buds.
Outdoor growers don’t have to worry that much because they’re growing under the sun which is the best light possible for plants, obviously, the number of light hours the plants get outdoors will influence the quality but as long as you are growing in the outdoor season you’ll be fine.
| Optimal wattage to get denser flowers | ||
|---|---|---|
| Number of plants | HPS wattage | LED wattage |
| 1 | 100w | 120w |
| 2 | 250w | 200w |
| 4 | 400w | 280w |
| 6 | 600w | 350w |
Indoor growers have to choose between different light fixtures, nowadays you can easily find light bulbs and LEDs suited for every grow tent and grower, each one with its pros and cons so that’s why you should research a lot before buying expensive equipment. Either way, professional indoor growers provide approximately 1000w per m2 to have the best results, obviously, not all home growers can afford this but make sure you provide at least 100w per plant to increase bud density.
Light spectrum
Not only the light intensity but also the light spectrum emitted by your light will affect how dense your buds get, each wavelength in the light spectrum plays an important role in a cannabis plant’s growth process.
As you may know, light bulbs (like MH and HPS) don’t emit a full-spectrum, while MH emits the blue spectrum, HPS emit the red spectrum that’s why Metal halide bulbs are used in the vegetative stage while HPS bulbs are used in the flowering stage.
Now with LEDs you don’t have this problem because most LEDs emit almost the whole spectrum, which is crucial to harvest denser flowers because each wavelength is responsible for a certain aspect of a plant’s growth.
- Green/blue wavelength (490-570nm)
These wavelengths are critical in the vegetative stage because growth and water absorption are boosted.
- Yellow wavelength (570-585nm)
These wavelengths encourage plants to stretch and start budding, plants use them to encourage photoreceptors to absorb more light and get denser buds, increasing yields.
- Red wavelength (520-720nm)
These wavelengths signal to your marijuana plant that autumn is near and this not only increases resin production but also helps increase bud size.
Frequently Asked Questions
How much light do I need to grow fat buds?
This can vary a bit depending on the type of light and brand but in general, you should provide a minimum of 75w per plant to get good results.
Will I grow bigger buds with LEDs?
It is possible to grow bigger buds with top-notch LEDs but you can have similar results with light bulbs, it’s just a matter of knowing how to use and adapt your grow space to the different types of lighting.
2. Temperature, humidity and Airflow
The growing conditions also have a huge influence on bud density, cannabis plants thrive between 18-26°C and in relative humidity that starts at 70% and slowly decreases until it reaches around 45% during the last weeks of flowering.
| Optimal Humidity and temperature to get denser flowers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plant stage | Week | Day Temp. | Night Temp. | Relative humidity |
| 1 | 22-28°C | 18-22°C | 70% | |
| 2 | 22-28°C | 18-22°C | 70% | |
| Vegetative | 3 | 22-28°C | 18-22°C | 65% |
| 4 | 22-28°C | 18-22°C | 65% | |
| Pre-flowering | 5 | 20-26°C | 20-26°C | 60% |
| 1st half of flowering | 6 | 20-26°C | 20-26°C | 55% |
| 7 | 20-26°C | 20-26°C | 50% | |
| 2nd half of flowering | 8 | 18-24°C | 17-20°C | 50% |
| 9 | 18-24°C | 17-20°C | 45% | |
| 10 | 18-24°C | 17-20°C | 40% | |
If you fail to maintain optimal conditions, the buds will end up airy just like popcorn buds so it’s essential you ensure the growing conditions are constant and, if you need to, use equipment such as fans, heaters, or AC units to be able to do so. Unlike indoor growers, outdoor growers have less control over the conditions so it’s essential you plan when you’re germinating your seeds to have the best conditions possible, and if needed, build a greenhouse or if you already have a greenhouse, install fans in it.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do the growing conditions affect cannabis plants?
The temperature and humidity can affect how your plant photosynthesizes and produces sugars, so in less-than-ideal conditions, your plant may grow slower or grow less and this can make it harder to get big buds.
Optimal Airflow Ensures the Best Bud Density
In nature, cannabis is a wind-pollinated plant. This means that the plant is genetically disposed to expend more energy on budding sites that are exposed to optimal airflow and light. There are a couple of ways that we, as cultivators, can ensure that the plant has the best chance of producing dense, juicy nuggets by simply maximizing the air exchange in the canopy and the entire grow area. If you are growing outdoors this may be as simple as spacing your plants correctly and removing some of the fan leaves to allow for better airflow. You can also help your outdoor grow by making sure the crop is placed in an area that will receive a high amount of natural wind. This, along with other external stimuli, will also help the overall strength of your plants and allows the branches to grow thick enough to support those huge buds. It is just like us going to the gym and lifting weights. The more we strain our muscles, the bigger they grow - the same goes for cannabis plants moving in the wind.
When growing weed indoors, we want to try and replicate the outdoor environment in certain ways. Along with lighting, airflow is hugely important. There are two main types of airflow that we want to create in any growing space:
Air exchange exhaust system
A constant supply of fresh air is one of the most important aspects to consider when designing any grow space. For air exchange, you want to have the incoming vent placed near the bottom for the grow area and the outgoing near the top. This is because heat rises, so this design help with keeping the grow room nice and cool. Exhaust fans dome with a CFM (cubic feet per minute) rating. By multiplying the height, width, and length dimensions of your grow room, you will be able to easily calculate the exhaust fan requirements. If possible, it is great to have the fresh air circulated into your grow space every 1–3 minutes.
Canopy airflow
The easiest and most budget-friendly option for creating airflow within the canopy is by placing a few small (depending on the size of your grow room) oscillating fans aimed at the canopy itself. You want to grab fans that have a few speed settings, as a nice strong breeze is great for mature plants, but maybe too forceful for developing seedlings. If the only option at your disposal is too strong, face it away from the canopy. As long as it is at canopy height then the air will still be exchanged. You also want to place the fans so the breeze is coming from a range of different directions. If you can work out how to set a few up so there is one aimed from above, one from below, and one or two at canopy level then do so. If you only have space for one in your grow area then so be it. One is better than none!
This setup will not only help the buds fatten right up but also help you control the canopy temp and humidity, and fight against mold and pest issues.
3. Nutrients
The nutrients make a huge difference, even though you may be able to harvest buds without feeding your plants, providing the right minerals at the proper ratio will result in denser flowers. Marijuana plants need different nutrients that are divided into macronutrients and micronutrients which should be given at the correct time, and to know exactly how much and when to provide them you need to know your plant's life cycle, so by knowing approximately how long your auto will grow for and how many weeks of flowering before harvest you'll get an idea of what to give and when.
For example, if you are growing an autoflower that takes around 10 weeks from seed to harvest you'll know that it will take approximately 4-5 weeks for your plant to vegetate and another 5-6 for it to flower, knowing this you'll be able to plan ahead and calculate the nutrient doses because, as you may know, you should start with a lower dose and increase it gradually when growing autoflowers.
Macronutrients
Macronutrients are the widely known NPK and are the minerals cannabis plants use the most, NPK refers to Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium. Nitrogen is responsible for plant growth in the vegetative stage, Phosphorus helps in photosynthesis, and Potassium is essential in bud and terpene production so it’s essential you provide these nutrients if you want to have good results.
Micronutrients
Micronutrients are minerals used in lower quantities but they’re also essential for a cannabis plant's growth, failing to provide them will also result in signs of deficiencies even though they’re needed 10x less than macronutrients. These mainly trace elements such as Boron, Copper, Calcium, and Magnesium among others, and all of them play a role in helping your plant achieve the needed structure and preparing it to successfully go through flowering.
Now, plants depend on the pH level to be able to absorb nutrients properly so it’s essential you check and adjust it but it’s vital that you provide just what your plants need, nothing less, nothing more. It’s recommended you start with a lower dose than recommended because you may end up burning your plants, which will have the opposite effect than what you were looking for; Instead of denser buds, your plant will show symptoms of deficiencies.
| Light nutrient solution cannabis feeding schedule | ||
|---|---|---|
| Week | Stage | Nutrients |
| 1 | Seedling | Plain water |
| 2 | Vegetative | ¼ grow nutrients |
| 3 | Vegetative | ½ grow nutrients |
| 4 | Vegetative | Full dose grow nutrients |
| 5 | Pre-flowering | ⅛ grow + ¼ bloom |
| 6 | Flowering | ½ bloom nutrients |
| 7 | Flowering | Full dose bloom nutrients |
| 8 | Flowering & ripening | ⅛ bloom |
| 9 | Ripening & harvest | Plain water |
To avoid this, you should feed your plants with a 2-1-3 ratio in the vegetative stage and 1-2-3 in the flowering, this means you have to feed more nitrogen while your plants are growing and more phosphorus and potassium when the flowers are developing. Just have in mind that different nutrient brands have different feeding schedules and there are several different fertilizers for cannabis which can be quite different.
pH level
Checking and adjusting the pH level is essential if you really want to harvest great buds, pH ranges from 1 to 14 and is a way to measure how alkaline or acidic a liquid solution is. Pure water has a neutral pH of 7, depending on the medium you’re growing in, the pH should be a bit lower but shouldn’t differ too much, for example, in soil the pH should range between 6.0-7.0, and in soilless medium (such as coco, clay pellets or hydro) should range between 5.5-6.5.
| PH range for cannabis in different mediums | |
|---|---|
| Medium | pH range |
Soil | 6.0-7.0 |
Hydro and soilless (like coco or clay pellets) | 5.5-6.5 |
Maintaining these pH levels is essential if you want your plants to absorb nutrients properly because marijuana plants depend on certain pH levels to absorb nutrients properly.
Synthetic nutrients
Synthetic nutrients are the most common cannabis fertilizers available, these bottled nutrients contain salts that feed your plant’s roots directly. This type of feeding is usually simpler and cheaper than organic nutrients but as you may know by now because you’re feeding the roots directly it’s super easy to overfeed and may bring more deficiencies if you haven’t grown weed before.
Organic nutrients
Organic nutrients, unlike synthetic nutrients, consist of maintaining a healthy medium that is filled with beneficial microorganisms that have a symbiotic relationship with your marijuana plants.
Organic feeding is usually more expensive but there are several ways to make your own super soil, KNF, or composting at home where you can customize it to your own needs. This way, you are not feeding the roots directly, but making the nutrients available in the medium for the microorganisms to break them down and making it easier for your plants to absorb them when they want and need to, decreasing the chances of overfeeding and other deficiencies.
Frequently Asked Questions
Will flower enhancers or flower boosters give me bigger buds?
They probably won’t hurt your plant when used correctly but have in mind that most flower boosters just provide phosphorus and potassium which any good-quality fertilizer designed for the flowering stage will too.
How can I identify an NPK deficiency or excess?
| Minerals | Excess | Deficiency |
|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen | Leaves get greener, weak stems and foliage, less water uptake. | Leaves turn yellow, small leaves and leaves curl or drop. |
| Phosphorus | Bladed leaves, burned tips, and spots on leaves. | Purple stems, brown spots on leaves, and slow growth. |
| Potassium | Burned tips, spots on leaves, and burned tips. | Weak stems and pale leaves, leaves with rusty color and slow flowering. |
Which nutrients grow bigger buds?
Unfortunately, nutrients alone won’t be enough to get you big buds of weed. To grow bigger buds you will need the right combination of good-quality nutrients, enough light, and the proper growing conditions. If you're already providing these elements and feel like you can still improve your harvest you should take a look at plant training techniques.
Density Boosting Additives and Supplements
Once you have your feed schedule of the base nutrients dialed in it’s time to think about cannabis supplements. While the jury is still out in terms of hard scientific facts, most experienced cannabis growers agree that using some form of bloom supplementation will result in better quality buds and increased yields. These supplements usually contain a mix of vitamins, humic acids, trace minerals, amino acids, and complex carbohydrates. Most important of all though is Phosphorous (P), one of the three main macros. This nutrient is responsible for energy transportation, which has a huge impact on bud development. Look for a booster than contains these.
Almost every single cannabis nutrient company produces a bloom booster, but here is a couple of the most popular ones preferred by growers.
- Cannabiogen Delta 9
- Advanced Nutrients Bud Ignitor
- Grotek Blossom Blaster
- Top Crop Big One
- CANNABOOST by Canna
Another option favored by many growers, and a much more wallet-friendly option, is to use unsulphured blackstrap molasses. This wonder product contains a bunch of complex sugars, and also a range of nutrients that aid in plant development and soil health. Along with the carbs it contains iron, selenium, copper, magnesium, and calcium which all help boost the bud development. There are 2 main accepted ways to implement blackstrap molasses into your feeding schedule.
- It can be added to the feedwater at a rate of 5 ml per liter of water twice a week during the vegetative growth period, and 8 to 10 ml per liter during the flowering stage as potassium demands increase.
- You can use blackstrap molasses as a foliar spray. Add half a teaspoon to one liter of lukewarm into a spray bottle, give it a good shake, and apply liberally to the entire plant. Once every 10 to 14 days will be more than sufficient. Molasses foliar spray also works fantastically as an effective pest repellant and will help in the treatment of infestations. This can be mixed with some neem oil and insecticidal soap to boost the effectiveness.
4. Plant training
Cannabis plants usually grow one main cola and several side branches, depending on your grow space it may not be a problem but this growth pattern isn’t ideal for a lot of growers that want to make the most out of their equipment. Plant training techniques such as LST and HST can be used to re-shape how a marijuana plant grows, this way growers can open up the branches and canopy, and when done correctly the flower sites will receive more light and airflow, resulting in denser flowers and ultimately better yields.
Low-stress training
Low-stress training (aka LST) are plant training methods that do not mutilate your plants, the idea behind this technique is to bend the branches and stem horizontally to improve light usage which results in bigger buds and better yields.
These low-stress techniques include the tie-down method, SCRoG, and SoG which are different methods that are better suited in different scenarios but end up having the same results.
As you can see in the video above, our grower not only tied the branches but also topped his autoflower. When done properly, you will be able to reach the desired plant structure that can improve yields and the overall quality of your harvest.
High-stress training
High-stress training (aka HST) are plant training methods that consist of mutilating your cannabis plants, techniques like Topping or Fimming consist of cutting your plant in a certain way, ending up with results similar to what LST offers but taking less time while also being more stressful to your plants. Although it's not recommended to perform HST on autoflowers if you're not experienced enough, you can get away with it and have great results, also, it's common among growers to perform LST in combination with HST to get the results you desire.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the basic difference between low-stress and high-stress training?
If you’re looking to get bigger buds both will have similar results, the main difference being that low-stress training consists of shaping your plant little by little without mutilating it while high-stress training consists of mutilating your cannabis plant to shape your plant.
Is high-stress training better than low-stress training?
No, both are good training techniques and will result in similar results, it’s just a matter of knowing how to apply them properly and when to do it.
5. Harvesting at the right time
Beginner growers tend to harvest sooner either because they are anxious and want to smoke their buds or simply don’t know when the right time to harvest is. As you may know, buds develop really fast during flowering and even just a couple of days may make a big difference in the quality of your flowers.
Stigmas
Stigmas (pistils) are the white hairs that you start seeing in the pre-flowering stage, these hairs come out of the calyxes and when marijuana plants are getting ready to get harvested, these hairs will start browning and wilting.
Have in mind that some in some strains these hairs start browning earlier and in others, the majority doesn’t even brown so you should not harvest based just on the stigmas.
Yellowing leaves
At the end of your growing cycle, you will see the big fan leaves yellowing, this could be a big problem if it happens in other stages but when nearing harvest it’s completely normal and a sign that your plant is getting ready to be harvested.
State of the trichomes
Apart from the other factors that will help you know when the right time to chop down your plant, the standard practice is to look at the state of the trichomes so you shouldn’t harvest your plants based on the other factors until you take a look at the trichomes.
Depending on the type of effect you prefer, you shouldn’t harvest unless most of the trichomes are cloudy (cerebral effect) or amber (corporal effect), harvesting at just the right time will result in not only denser flowers but also a more potent effect so remember that being patient is essential.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does flushing do?
Flushing removes the nutrient build-up in the medium and roots, this way your plant won’t absorb more minerals and will finish consuming the nutrients stored in it before harvesting, providing better tasting buds without that harsh smoke that some flowers have.
Why do trichomes change color?
Trichomes do not change color, what happens is that the cannabinoids react to temperature and humidity, so THC will turn into CBN in oxidizing environments. This is why you need to control the relative humidity, and sometimes oxygen levels when curing cannabis buds.
6. The right genetics
Genetics is a crucial factor if you are looking to grow dense buds, nowadays there are lots of strains that have different characteristics, these characteristics influence the type of effect, aroma, flavor, plant structure, and bud structure also.
Some strains (usually Sativa-dominant) produce airy and fluffy buds but this doesn’t mean they’re not strong, lighter buds are a characteristic of Sativa strains while Indicas produce thicker and denser flowers. So have in mind that some strains won’t produce dense flowers even in optimal conditions but it doesn’t mean they lack quality.
Luckily, you can find hybrids that contain a fine genetic mix and offer the best of both worlds, like our Purple Lemonade Auto which is a 30% Sativa / 70% Indica, resulting in super long and dense buds.
Indica-dominant vs Sativa-dominant
Cannabis plants have nodes along their stems, these nodes are where the leaves grow from and are where buds form. This is the same for all marijuana plants but Indica-dominant strains tend to have shorter internodal spaces while Sativa-dominant has longer internodal spaces so it may end up affecting the shape and density of flowers.
Even in the same conditions, cannabis Indica flowers usually grow denser and in clusters around the nodes of the stem and branches with short internodal spaces between them. Now, Sativa buds usually grow larger than Indica buds but instead of the nodes being all together, they develop along the whole branch so the buds tend to weigh less due to their lower density.
Bud limits
As said above, some strains have certain characteristics that will not change even in optimal conditions. This means that even if you have the best-growing tent in the world, an Indica strain will have denser buds than a Sativa strain in the same conditions and you won’t be able to change that even if you provide the best light fixture, growing conditions, and nutrients.
That’s why you should choose the strains carefully, first have in mind what your grow tent can handle, and, second, choose what you prefer. We recommend going for balanced hybrids because they will provide the best of both worlds when talking about effect, density, flavor, and yields.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are autoflowers the same as fast-flowering strains?
No, autoflowers don’t depend on a light cycle to trigger flowering, so you can grow them from seed to harvest under 18/6 while quick-flowering strains are photoperiodic so you still have to provide 18/6 for veg and 12/12 for flowering but they will flower faster than regular photoperiodics.
How long will it take for my auto to start growing buds?
This depends on the genetics and phenotype you get but most autoflowers will start flowering 4-5 weeks from seed.
7. How to grow big buds?
If you're following everything said above and you're still getting popcorn buds, here are some extra tips to help you get the bud density you desire.
Feed properly during the flowering stage
Cannabis plants are usually more forgiving in the vegetative stage, you can feed slightly more or less and it won’t matter that much because your plants will still grow green and healthy, obviously, feeding a lot more will stress your plant but you have a minimal margin for error. Once you’re in the flowering stage and the buds are developing things change, when your cannabis plants are blooming you have to be more careful because the nutrients you provide will affect the quality and density of the buds.
Avoid too much nitrogen when the flowers are forming
Watering with high levels of nitrogen in the vegetative stage will cause nutrient burn which will make the leaves yellow and in more serious cases, dry and die but these symptoms are basically cosmetic and won’t affect your flowers because they haven’t started forming yet. Now, in the flowering stage giving too much Nitrogen can affect bud development and end up affecting their density, luckily for you, Nitrogen toxicity is super easy to fix, just lower the dose and your plant will recover.
Don’t ignore nutrient deficiencies
As you may know, flowering cannabis plants need more Phosphorus, Potassium, and less Nitrogen, so when the buds are forming you should feed Bloom nutrients at the right amount, feeding properly will ensure your buds dense up properly.
8. In Conclusion
Some cannabis cultivars are bigger yielding than others, that's the case of Sativa-dominant hybrids that grow stacked flowers and will naturally produce big yields. Indica-dominant also are good candidates because most hybrids end up being heavy feeders and are well known for producing big fat buds.
So if you were wondering how to increase cannabis yield, you need to know that there is a balancing act when it comes to boosting your plants during flowering, adding too much nutrient during flowering can cause plants to burn, show deficiencies, and the worst case being ruining your yields.
If you're an experienced grower feel free to leave your tips and tricks to help beginner growers get bigger buds!
External References:
- Improving Cannabis Bud Quality and Yield with Subcanopy Lighting. HortScience. - Hawley, Dave & Graham, Thomas & Stasiak, Michael & Dixon, Mike. (2018).
- Apical bud removal increased seed yield in hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.). - Ačko, Darja & Flajšman, Marko & Trdan, Stanislav. (2019).
